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1	Classroom composition, classroom quality and German skills of very young dual language learners and German-only learners
	Willard, Jessica A.; Agache, Alexandru; Leyendecker, Birgit
	In: Early Childhood Research Quarterly ; 49 ; 269-281 (2021)
	Abstract: This study examined associations between the classroom percentage of dual language learners (DLLs), observed classroom quality, and children's German majority language skills. The cross-sectional sample of 2.5 years olds (n = 93 immigrant DLLs and n = 363 monolingual German-only learners) was clustered within n = 197 classrooms. Classrooms with higher percentages of DLLs demonstrated slightly lower levels of overall classroom process quality. DLLs scored about 1 SD below monolingual children on German language skills when adjusting for family and classroom covariates. Moderation analyses revealed that this difference did not depend on the percentage of DLLs in a classroom. In fact, the classroom percentage of DLLs was related to children's German skills only when omitting the child level language status (DLL vs. monolingual) from the analyses. However, classroom quality moderated the difference between DLLs’ and monolingual children's German skills. This difference was estimated as about only 0.5 SD for DLLs and monolingual children experiencing higher classroom quality, but as about 1.5 SD for those experiencing lower quality. We conclude that high quality classrooms may promote the majority language skills of DLLs.
	Keyword: and Development in Early Childhood; Bildungswesen Elementarbereich; Bilingual children; Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Care; child care; day nursery; Deutsch als Zweitsprache; early childhood education and care; Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) quality; Elementary Education Sector; Federal Republic of Germany; frühkindliche Erziehung; German as a second language; Immigrant children; Kinderbetreuung; Kindertagesstätte; knowledge of languages; language acquisition; language instruction; Mehrsprachigkeit; migration background; Migrationshintergrund; multilingualism; Primar- und Elementarbildung; Primary education (elementary education); Spracherwerb; Sprachkenntnisse; Sprachunterricht; Vocabulary; ZA5854: NUBBEK - National Survey on Education
	URL: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/74482 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-74482-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.07.004
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2	Expressive morphological skills of dual language learning and monolingual german children
	Bihler, Lilly-Marlen [Verfasser]; Agache, Alexandru [Verfasser]; Schneller, Katja [Verfasser]. - Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018
	DNB Subject Category Language
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